belding



(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet I. W. S. BELDING.

ELECTRIC MOTOR. No. 404,067. Patented May 28, 1889.

.4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W. S. B'ELDING.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented May 28, 1889.

NO.404,067. &

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3, W. S. BELDING.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 404,067. Patented May 28, 1889.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet W. S. BELDING.

ELEGTRIG MOTOR.

Patented May 28, 1889.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VARREN S. BELDING, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE BELDING MOTOR AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 404,067, dated May 28, 1889.

Application filed November 15, 1887. Serial No. 255,192. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, VARREN S. BELDING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicage, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Electric Motors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention embraces novel features, as hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front elevation. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation. Fig. 3 is a side elevation looking from the left toward Fig. 2. Fig. at is a vertical section in line a: an of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a section in line 1 y of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the armature. the field-magnets. Figs. 8 and 9 are detail views of the commutator. Fig. 10 is a detail view showing the manner of combining and connecting the brushes, commutator, and armature. Fig. 11 is a detail of the rack which supports the brushes. Fig. 12 is a detail of a commutator the plates of which are in'multiples of three.

A is the shaft supporting the armatures and commutator. One end of said shaft is supported in a bearing, A, in the disk A and the other end is supported in a bearing, A in a bracket, A, extending outwardly from the disk A, the opening a in the disk A being large enough to receive said shaft and commutator without contact.

13 and C are the armatures. The armature B is applied to the outer ends of the arms of a spider, 13', whose hub is fixed around the shaft A. Said armature has four straight laterally-compressed cores, B which occupy the space between the arms of the spider B and terminate in the expanded prolongations or poles B resting against the ends of the spiderarms. Screws B pass through said poles into the spider-arms and join'the latter to the former. At least two opposite poles, B are out Fig. 7 is a detail view of one of transversely to the plane of the armature and directly in line with the axis of the adjacent spider-arm, so that the ring of the armature maybe separated into two or more pieces before winding the helix upon the cores.

The armature C is a duplicate of B, but is turned twenty-two and one-half degrees on the shaft A, so as to make its poles alternate with the poles of the armature B, and said armatures are set apart a sufficient distance to permit the interposition of the middle branch of the pole-pieces of the field-magnets, to be hereinafter described.

I) is the commutator, composed of the wellknown insulation-core D and plates D Said plates are eight in nun1ber--o11e for each coil of the two armatures. plates are joined to each other electrically by means of wires 1), thus making. four groups of twos of said plates. A brush in contact with any one plate will then be in electrical communication with the other plate of the same group.

The end of the commutator may have the annular recess D" around the shaft A for the reception of the wires D and when said wires are in place in said recess the latter may be poured full of melted wax or other insulatin material. Said wires are then secure against injury when the motor is being handled and are held against movement in response to con trifugal force while the motor is in motion. I prefer to secure said wires 1) to the com mutator-plates by forming recesses or slots d in the ends of the commutator-plates and setting the ends of the wires into said recesses or slots.

Two brushes, E E, set a quarter of the circumference of the commutator D from each other, are mounted on arms E E respectively. Said arms are secured in non-conductin g bushings E in a rack, E, journaled on the hollow spindle a, extending outwardly from the bracket A". The hub of said rack is cut away to form a notch, and a screw, 0. set into the spindle a in said notch, allows said rack to make a quarter of a turn on said spindle and no more, whereby the brushes may be carried a quarter of a turn on the commutator and put into electric colmnunication with another group of plates, D

The opposite of said For convenience in description, the plates D are numbered in series from 1 to 8, inclusive, and the cores of each armature are numbered in series from 1 to 4, inclusive.

The wire-connections between the commutator and the armatures will be understood by an examination of Fig. 10. Said figure shows one armature and the inner end of the commutator, the latter being seen through the armature. The helix-wire G leaves the binding-screw on plate 1 of the commutator and passes over the nearer end of the core 1 and around the latter often enough to complete the helix, and thence to the binding-screw on plate 3. The wire G leaves the screw 3 and passes around the core 2 in the same manner as stated of the wire G, and is bound beneath the screw on plate 5. The wire G extends in the same manner from the screw on plate 5 to the screw on plate 7 and the wire G extends in the same manner from the screw on the plate 7 to that on plate 1; Instead of binding each end of these wires under said screws the adjacent ends may be united and only one bound by the screw. It is also to be noted that the ends of. the connecting-wires D may be joined to the ends of the helixwires, as shown in Fig. 10, instead of being in Fig. 10, the ends being bound to the plates 2, 4, e,- and s.

Supposing the current to be coming from a generator to the brush resting on plate 1, then said current will divide, and a portion go through the wire G8 to the plate 7, and out through the brush on said plate, while another portion of the current goes through the wire G to the plate 3, and thence, through the connecting-wire D to the plate 7 and the brush resting on said plate. The remainder -of said current goes from the plate 1 over the adjacent connecting wire D to the plate 5, the companion of the group, whence it divides and a portion goes through the wire G the plate 7, and the brush on said plate. The remainder goes through the wires G and and D and the plate 7 and it's brush. Under this arrangement of the current the armature is quadrupolar, the adjacent poles of the cores 1 and 4 constituting a north pole, and the adjacent ends of the cores 2 and 3 constituting a north pole, while the intermediate ends of said cores constitute south poles. One-fourth of a rotation of the armatures and the commutator or the rack supporting the brushes reverses the direction of the current over all the wires in the armatures, and as a consequence also reverses the polarity of each of the poles.

An eighth of a rotation of the armatures and commutator, or of the rack holding the brushes, takes one armature entirely out of and places the other into the circuit. Thus, when the motor is in operation, one armature isfirst alone in circuit and its poles are of certain polarities; then the other armature is alone in circuit and its poles are of certain polarities; then the first armature is again alone in circuit with the polarities of its poles reversed; the second armature is again alone in circuit with the polarities of its poles, reversed, and so on continuously. A lever, E may be applied to the rack E, by which the latter may be shifted. I

H H are the field-magnets, terminating in the pole-pieces H H H H. Each of said pole-pieces has three laterally-compressed branches, H one extending over and almost into contact with the outer side of each armature toward the shaft A, and the other extending between the two armatures and almost into contact with them: By compressing the armatures, and thus extending the arms of the pole-pieces of the field-magnets over the sides of the armatures, a larger portion of said pole-pieces is brought into proximity to the armatures, and the attraction and repulsion, acting between said pole-pieces and the armatures, are thereby strengthened. The disksA and A and the pole-pieces H are joined by screws H so that said polepieces and disks together constitute the frame of the motor.

I is a bridge extending from one of the upper pole-pieces to the other, and supporting the insulated binding-posts I I J and J are the wires leading from the generator to the binding-posts, and K K are wires leading from one. binding-post and so connected with the field-magnets as to make the latter alternate in polarity, and leading thence to one of the brushes; From the opposite brush a wire, L; leads to the other bindingpost.

The coils of the armature and the commutator plates may beincreased in number in multiples of two or three, and the poles of the field-magnets are always to be multiples of the same numbers, equal to or less than the total number of armature-coils 0i commutator-plates, and so long as the total number of 'the plates are connected in groups of three.

The number of said plates is six, the first multiple of three, and the number of poles in the armature is the same. The connections of the plates 1 3 5 lead to one set of armature-poles, and each of said three plates is j n med to the other two by two direct wires, D

lead to the other set of armature-holes, and

The connections of the plates 2 4 6- each of said three plates is joined to the other two by two direct wires, D It is to be noted that the group could be formed with one wire, D", as a single wire may lead from plate 1 to plate 8 and thence to plate 5; but by using two direct wires the resistance to the current is decreased. *hen the commutator is thus wired,the two brushes will communicate with the six plates and through the latter with the six poles, and said brushes may be placed upon adjoining plates, as 1 and 6, or upon opposite plates, as 1 and i. In either case the brushes will be in communication with groups of commutator-plates leading to armature-poles of opposite polarity.

When a single armature is to be used, it is wired to the commutator-plates in the manner shown of either the armature B or O, illustrated in the drawings, and said armatures are broadened to cover the spaces occupied by the alternate plates in the motor having the two armatures.

By grouping the commutator-plates as described it is possible to change the communication of the brushes from one set of commutator-plates to the opposite set of said plates and reverse the current polarity and motion without turning the brushes half-way round the commutator. 011 the contrary, as I have shown, the current and the motion may be reversed in my motor by a quarter-turn or less of the brushes. The advantage of this consists in the fact that it is easy to provide for a quarter-turn or less of the brushes, while it is very difficult to make provision for a full half-turn.

I claim as my invention- 1. A commutator having a series of insulated plates, D an annular recess, D", and wires D in said recess and connecting said plates into groups,substantially as shown and described.

2. A commutator having a series of insulated plates, D an annular recess, D", wires D in said recess and connecting said plates into groups, and said recess D filled with wax or other insulating material, substantially as shown, and for the purposes described.

3. A commutator having a series of insulated plates, D an annular recess, D, and wires D in said recess, said commutator-plates having recesses or slots (Z at their ends, and

the ends of said wircs being secured in said recesses or slots (Z, substantially as shown and described.

4. A commutator having a series of insulated plates, D an annular recess, D and wires D in said recess, said commutator-plates having recesses or slots d at their ends, and said wires being secured in said recesses or slots (Z, and said recess D being filled with wax or other insulating material, substantially as shown, and for the purposes described.

5. In an electric motor, a plurality of armature-sections connected with the plates of the commutator, and a commutator having an annular recess, D and wires D in said recess and connecting the commutator-sections into groups, whereby each armature section is brought into communication with each brush more than once during each rotation of the commutator, substantially as shown and. described.

6. In an electric motor, a plurality of armature-sections connected with the plates of the commutator and a commutator having an annular recess, D", and wires D and an insulating material in said recess, said wires connectin g the commutator-sections into groups, whereby each armature-section is brought into communication with each brush more than once during each rotation of the commutator, substantially as shown and described.

7. In an electric motor, a plurality of armature-sections connected in parallel, a commutator having a recess, D, wires D in said recess and connecting the commutatonplates into groups, and two brushes held in contact with commutator-plates whose connections lead to armature-poles of opposite polarity, substantially as shown and described.

8. In an electric motor, a plurality of armature-sections connected in parallel, a commutator having a recess, D", wires D and an in sulating material in said recess, said wires connecting the commutator-plates into groups, and two brushes held in contact with commutator-plates whose connections lead to armature-poles of opposite polarity, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I aflin my signature in presence of two witnesses.

, \VARREN S. BELDING.

\Vitnesses:

CYRUS KEHR,

)HARLEs II. ROBERTS. 

